Interesting Facts :: California

1. California's Mount Whitney measures as the highest peak in the lower 48 states. Its most famous climb is Mount Whitney Trail to the 14,495 feet summit. Wilderness permits are required.
2. In 1925 a giant sequoia located in California's Kings Canyon National Park was named the nation's national Christmas tree. The tree is over 300 feet in height.
3. More turkeys are raised in California than in any other state in the United States.
4. Pacific Park, on the venerable Santa Monica Pier, re-creates the amusement parks once dotting the ocean areas along the Pacific Coast. Featured are 11 amusement rides including the 1910-vintage hand-carved merry-go-round appearing in the movie "The Sting."
5. Alpine County is the eighth smallest of California's 58 counties. It has no high school, ATMs, dentists, banks, or traffic lights.
6. Fallbrook is known as the Avocado Capital of the World and hosts an annual Avocado Festival. More avocados are grown in the region than any other county in the nation.
7. In the late 1850s, Kennedy Mine, located in Jackson, served as one of the richest gold mines in the world and the deepest mine in North America.
8. An animal called the riparian brush rabbit calls Caswell Memorial State Park (near Manteca) its home. Endemic only to the state's park system, the critter lives in approximately 255 acres stretching along the area's once-vast hardwood forest.
9. In Pacific Grove there is a law on the books establishing a $500 fine for molesting butterflies.
10. The largest three-day rodeo in the United States is held on the Tehama County Fairgrounds in Red Bluff.
11. Demonstrations on making toothpaste from orange by-products were popular attractions at the Los Angeles County fair in 1922. The fair is held in Pomona.
12. Located in Sacramento, the California State Railroad Museum is the largest museum of its kind in North America.
13. Several celebrities are buried at Hillside Cemetery in Culver City. Included gravesites are those of Al Jolson, George Jessel, Eddie Canter, Jack Benny, and Percy Faith.
14. California Caverns claims the distinction of being the most extensive system of caverns and passageways in the Mother Lode region of the state.
15. Totaling nearly three million acres, San Bernardino County is the largest county in the country.
16. On Catalina Island in 1926, American author Zane Grey built a pueblo-style home on the hillside overlooking Avalon Bay. He spent much of his later life in Avalon. The home is now a hotel.
17. Klamath Basin National Wildlife Refuge contains the largest winter population of bald eagles in the continental United States.
18. Author Richard Dana (1851-1882) wrote the novel "Two Years Before the Mast." He inspired the name for the beach community of Dana Point.
19. In Atwater the Castle Air Museum has the largest display of military aircraft in the state.
20. The Country Store in Baker has sold more winning California State Lottery tickets than any outlet in the state.
21. Reputed to be the most corrupt politician in Fresno County history, Vice-leader Joseph Spinney was mayor for only ten minutes.
22. The Iron Door Saloon in Groveland claims to be the oldest drinking establishment in the state. It was constructed in 1852.
23. The Hollywood Bowl is the world's largest outdoor amphitheater.
24. The first person to personally receive a star on the Walk of Fame in Hollywood was actress Joanne Woodward. She received it in 1960.
25. Death Valley is recognized as the hottest, driest place in the United States. It isn't uncommon for the summer temperatures to reach more than 115 degrees.
26. The first motion picture theater opened in Los Angeles on April 2, 1902.
27. Inyo National Forest is home to the bristle cone pine, the oldest living species. Some of the gnarled trees are thought to be over 4,600 years old.
28. San Francisco Bay is considered the world's largest landlocked harbor.
29. Sequoia National Park contains the largest living tree. Its trunk is 102 feet in circumference.
30. Yorba Linda is home to the Richard Nixon Library.
31. The Coachella Valley is nicknamed The Date Capital of the world and The Playground of Presidents.
32. One out of every eight United States residents lives in California.
33. California is the first state to ever reach a trillion dollar economy in gross state product.
34. California has the largest economy in the states of the union.
35. If California's economic size were measured by itself to other countries, it would rank the 7th largest economy in the world.
36. Los Angeles is ranked the fourth largest economy in the United States compared to other states.
37. Simi Valley is the home of the Ronald Reagan Presidential Library and Museum.
38. It is estimated there are approximately 500,000 detectable seismic tremors in California annually.
39. During his engagement at the Fillmore West in San Francisco, Otis Redding stayed on a houseboat in Sausalito. While there he wrote his last song and greatest hit: "The Dock of the Bay."
40. The state motto is Eureka!, a Greek word translated "I have found it!" The motto was adopted in 1849 and alludes to the discovery of gold in the Sierra Nevada.
41. California is known variously as The Land of Milk and Honey, The El Dorado State, The Golden State, and The Grape State.
42. There are more than 300,000 tons of grapes grown in California annually.
43. California produces more than 17 million gallons of wine each year.
44. The redwood is the official state tree. Some of the giant redwoods in Sequoia National Park are more than 2,000 years old.
45. The California poppy is the official state flower. The California grizzly bear (Ursus californicus) is the official state animal.
46. California holds two of the top ten most populous cities: Los Angeles and San Diego.
47. Fresno proclaims itself the Raisin Capital of the World.
48. The highest and lowest points in the continental United States are within 100 miles of one another. Mount Whitney measures 14,495 feet and Bad Water in Death Valley is 282 feet below sea level.
49. Castroville is known as the Artichoke Capital of the World. In 1947 a young woman named Norma Jean was crowned Castroville's first Artichoke Queen. She went on to become actress Marilyn Monroe.
50. California's Proposition 215 (1996) was the first statewide medical marijuana initiative to pass in the USA - keeping attorneys busy for years.

Interesting Facts :: INDIA

If you look into India's history you will see that India is filled with many interesting facts. Indians have always been
intelligent and creative. It is one of the oldest countries in the world.

India is a land where people from different cultures and religious backgrounds live together as a nation.

Indian people are found to be very friendly and caring. They like spending time with their families.

Many different languages are spoken in India but still one can communicate with people through the national language called Hindi.

10 Interesting facts about India:

• The famous board game, called Chess, was invented in India.
• In India's 100,000 years of history, it has never invaded any other country.
• India is the 7th largest country in the world, the largest democracy and one of the oldest civilizations.
• India was one of the richest countries in the world before the British invasion in 17th century.
• The value of "pi" used in mathematics was first calculated by the Indian mathematician Budhayana in 6th century.
• India is one of the largest exporter of computer software products. It exports software to over 90 countries.
• India is home to the world's largest pilgrimage destination called the Vishnu Temple. The temple is located in the city of Tirupati. About an average of 30,000 people visit this temple donating about $6 million US dollars, everyday.
• India originated Yoga about 5,000 years ago.
• India has the most number of mosques. It has 300,000 mosques which is much more than the Muslim world.
• Christians and Jews have been living in India since 52 A.D. and 200 B.C. respectively.

India has always been the gem of the east. Most of the people travel India to see it's uniqueness and the glories of the past. India is one of those countries which are still holding to its past.

The beautiful temples, glorious forts and monuments are still present in India like they used to be 100's of years ago. India has some of the very unusual facts. So, what exactly are those interesting facts about Indiathat people are unaware about? Here I disclose some of them:

Unusual facts about India

• India has the highest bridge in the world . It is called Bailey Bridge and is located in Ladakh between the Dras and Suru rivers in the Himalayas.
• Before 1986, India was the only place in the world where Diamonds could be found.
• The world's first University was established in India . The University was established in 700 B.C. at the place of Taxila.
• The biggest and the largest employer in the world is Indian Railways which employs over a million people.
• India has the highest cricket ground in the world. It is located in the northern state of India called Himachal Pradesh. The cricket ground is 2444 meters above the sea level and was built in 1893.
• Most important studies of Mathematics like calculus, trigonometry and algebra were originated in India.
• Taj Mahal which is among the seven wonders of the world is in India. Taj Mahal was built over a long period of 11 years.
• India has the most number of post offices in the world.

Interesting Facts :: Technology

160 billion emails are sent daily, 97% of which are spam.

Spam generates 33bn KWt-hours of energy every year, enough to power 2.4 million homes, producing 17 million tons of CO2.

9 out of every 1,000 computers are infected with spam.

Spammer get 1 response to every 12 million emails they send (yet it still makes them a small profit).

A twillionaire is a twitterer with a million or more followers.

There are some 1 billion computers in use.

There are some 2 billion TV sets in use.

There are more than 4 billion cell phones in use. About 3 million cell phones are sold every day.

The first known cell phone virus, Cabir.A, appeared in 2004.

Since 2008, video games have outsold movie DVDs.

Amazon sells more e-books than printed books.

Facebook has 500 million registered users… about 100 million less than QQ.

About 1.8 billion people connect to the Internet, 450 million of them speak English. See list of Internet languages.

Google indexed it’s 1 trillionth unique URL on July 25, 2008. That is thought to be about 20% of all the pages on the Internet but a high percentage of the World Wide Web (the public Internet).

One google search produces about 0.2g of CO2. But since you hardly get an answer from one search, a typical search session produces about the same amount of CO2 as does boiling a kettle.

Google handles about 1 billion search queries per day, releasing some 200 tons of CO2 per day.

The average US household uses 10.6 megawatt-hours (MWh) electricity per year.

Google uses an estimated 15 billion kWh of electricity per year, more than most countries. However, google generates a lot of their own power with their solar panels.

The first public cell phone call was made on April 3, 1973 by Martin Cooper.

The Motorola DynaTAC 8000X was the first cell phone sold in the US; launched on April 11, 1984, it was designed by Rudy Krolopp and weighed 2 pounds.

About 20% of the videos on YouTube are music related.

24 hours of video viewing is uploaded every minute on YouTube.

People view 15 billion videos online every month.

On average, US onliners view 100 videos per month each.

Flickr hosts some 5 billion photographs, Facebook hosts more than 15 billion.

1 Bit = Binary Digit
8 Bits = 1 Byte
1000 Bytes = 1 Kilobyte
1000 Kilobytes = 1 Megabyte
1000 Megabytes = 1 Gigabyte
1000 Gigabytes = 1 Terabyte
1000 Terabytes = 1 Petabyte
1000 Petabytes = 1 Exabyte
1000 Exabytes = 1 Zettabyte
1000 Zettabytes = 1 Yottabyte
1000 Yottabytes = 1 Brontobyte
1000 Brontobytes = 1 Geopbyte
Technically speaking, the sum is 1024 bytes.

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C++ tutorial - Free Download

Click on the link below to download C++ language tutorial.

http://www.cplusplus.com/files/tutorial.pdf

Learn C language in 5 hours

Have you always wanted to master a programming language. Well today if you are glancing at this page you have chosen a language which perhaps without doubt is the most versatile. But to learn C for say basic programmers is a challenge. While the old basic used interpreters C uses compilers and basically is very portable. But let quit all this jibrish and get to the heart of this page. I say you can learn C programming in 3 hours. Well atleast the basics that will help you to build more powerful programs.You say I can't show you C in 5 hours. Well let's test that ...

---

A simple hello program.(demonstrates the const function in all c programs--the main() function.)
(example-1)
main()
{
puts("hello world guess who is writing a c program");
return(0);
}

That's it. In all c programs there is a main function which is followed by a { and closed by a } after a return()function.It doesn't have to be return(0) but that depends upon the type of c compiler you have. Check your compiler before you start your programming.

You saw above that puts function is used to put a whole sentence on the screen; but are there functions that will put characters on the screen/take characters: Yes and next is a table of what they are and what they do. Read them and the examples that follow.

getchar()	Gets a single character from the input/keyboard.

putchar()	Puts a single character on the screen.

The printf function is a function used to print the output to the screen.printf() needs to know if the output is an integer,real,etc example-2
main()
{
printf(hello);
}
Assuming hello was defined earlier say by #define hello "Hello!" the output is Hello!. But if the output is an integer then %d has to be attatched to the printf statement.

This above can be shown as printf("I am %d years old",12) which will result in the following result:I am 12 years old

The %d tells that an integer is to be placed here.

Now we will look into a function called scanf().This lets you input from the kewyboard and for that input to be taken by the program and processed.Once again it is important to tell scanf() what type of data is being scanned.

Here is an example of a program that demonstrates both scanf and printf in unison.
example-3

main() {
int count;
puts("Please enter a number: ");
scanf("%d", &count);
printf("The number is %d",count);
}

---

That concludes the first hour of your tutorial.Now this is a list of data type identifiers.

%f=float %c=char %s =s tring %e=inputs number in scientific notation.

As you saw in the first hour of our tutorial c is a language in which you program using functions. Functions are usually identified by the following characteristic:>> functionname() In c the main() function is essential. Think of it as a constant function for all your programs and all other functions can be accessed from the main().Before I show you how we do that let us have an example where we want to pause a program before the screen is changed. This would involve the foll- owing procedure:>> write a main function then use puts function to put statements on the screen like we did in section 1 above and then before the next set of puts statements declare a pause.
This is how it is done:

example-4
main()
{
puts("hello there");
puts("what is your name?")
pause()
puts("It is nice to meet you")
}
pause();
{
int move_on;
printf("press entere to continue");
move_on=getchar();
return(0);
}

This above will pause until a key is pressed on the keyboard. Granted that the above program makes no sense from a practical point of view but I want to show is the use of another function inside the main function.
C has many functions that comes with it. See your compiler manual to see what you have.Now we are going to look at conditions in c programming:>> the if command and do command.
Here is an example of th if command:

example-5
main()
{
float cost,tax,luxury,total;
luxury=0.0;
printf("Enter the cost of the item: ");
scanf("%f", &cost);
tax=cost*0.06;
if(cost>40000.0)
luxury=cost*0.005;
total=cost+tax+luxury;
printf("the total cost is %0.2f",total);
}

This is a simple example of one if statement. Another If statement is the if -else statement. This can be shown as this

example-6
if(cost >40000)
{
luxury=cost*0.005;
printf("The luxury tax is %.2f",luxury);
}
else
{
puts("There is no luxury tax for the items");
luxury=0.0;
}

Now the format a do statement is as follows:

do
{
instruction;
instruction
}
while(condition);

The format for a FOR statement is as follows:

for(initial=value;condition;increment)
instruction;

Now for an example:

example-7
main()
{
int row,column;
puts("\t\tMY Handy multipication table");
for(row=1;tow<=10;row++)
{
for(column=1;column<=10;column++)
printf("%6d", row*column);
putchar('\n');
}
}

The output is a multipication table of 10x10 size.

example-8
main()
{
int temp;
float celsius;
char repeat;
do
{
printf("Input a temperature:");
scanf("%d", &temp);
celsius=(5.0/9.0)*(temp-32);
printf(%d degrees F is %6.2f degrees celsius\n",temp, celsius);
printf(("do you have another temperature?");
repeat=getchar();
putchar('\n');
}
while(repeat=='y'|| repeat=='y');
}

This shows you to how to use the do command for conditional programming in c.

---

Now we are in our 3rd hour.Now we will concentrate on arrays:

What is a flag?
A flag is an algorithm that informs the program that a certain condition has occured.

example-9
main()
{
int temp;
float celsius;
char repeat;
char flag;
do
{
flag='n";
do
{
if(flag=='n')
printf("Input a valid temperature :");
else
printf("input a valid temperature,stupid:");
scanf("%d",&temp);
flag='y';
}
while (temp<0||temp >100);
celsius=(5.0/9.0)*(temp-32);
printf("%d degrees F is %6.2f degrees celsius\n",temp,celsius);
printf("Do you have another temperature?");
repeat=getchar();
putchar('\n');
}
while (repeat=='y' || repeat=='Y");
}

That was an example of how flags work.
What is the break command?

The break command ends the loop in which it is placed just as if the while condition, or the condition in a for loop becomes false.
How to declare an array?

An array can be defined as follows:

int temp[5]={45,56,12,98,12};

This would mean the following:

temp[0]=45....temp[4]=12

This was a single dimension array with 5 elements of the integer type.If you wanted to depict float variables just use float temp instead of int temp.
Let us now see an example of using an array for two tasks.
main()
{
int temps[31];
int index,total;
float average,celsius;
total=0.0;
for(index=0;index<31;index++)
{
printf("enter temperature #%d:",index);
scanf("%d",&temps[index]);
}
for(index=0;index<31;index++)
total+=temps[index];
average=total/31.0
printf("average is:%f\n\n", average);
puts9"fahrenheit\tcelsius\n");
for(index=0;index<31;index++)
{
celsius=(5.0/9.0)*(temps[index]-32);
printf("%d\t\t%6.2f\n",temps[index],celsius);
}
}
Now I am going to show you how to pass an array. When you pass an array you are actually passing the address of the array.

example-10

#define count 31
main()
{
int temps[count];
int index;
float celsius;
for(index=0; index< count;index++)
{
celsius=(5.0/9.0)*(heat[index]-32);
printf("%d\t\t%6.2f\n",heat[index],celsius);
}
}

---

Now we are in the fourth hour of our tutorial.We are now going to look at 1)comparing strings 2)determining string lengths. 3) combining strings 4)structures.
Comparing 2 strings:>> In c it is not possible to directly compare two strings so a statement like if (string1==string2) is not valid.
Most c libraries contain a function called the strcmp().This is used to compare two strings in the following manner.

if(strcmp(name1,name2)==0)
puts("The names are the same");
else
puts("The names are not the same.");
Determining string length.:>> This is done using the strlen() function.
a simple programming bit showing this function looks like this:
gets(name);
count=strlen(name);
printf("the string %s has %d characters",name,count);
Combining strings:>>We use the function strcpy() an example follows:

Example-11
strcpy(name,"Adam");
strcpy(name1,"and eve");
strcat(name,name1);
puts(name);
The assumption being that adam and eve are two values of the variables name1 and name2. The end result is the combination of the 2 names.What are structures?
A structure variable is a collection of other variables comprising different types.
What are pointers?
Ponters are variables which refer to the memory locations of other variables.

This is how a structure is defined.

example-12
struct cd
{
char name[20];
char description[40];
char category[12];
float cost;
int number;
};
main()
Notice how the main function comes after the definition of the structure. In the example above the cd was a cd disk and I was writing the definition of a cd collection program.

---

Now in the fifth hour I will show you how to output your data onto a disk.After all what is the use of the program if you can't save output to a disk.

Inorder to do this we have to use a pointer. The pointer in this case is FILE. The syntax to declare a file is :FILE*file_ponter;
The link between your program, the file and the computer is established with the fopen() function using the syntax shown below:
pointer=fopen("FILENAME","mode");

For example to create a file by the name cd.dat we do the following:

FILE*cdfile;
cdfile=fopen("CD>DAT","w");
If you will be reading from the file above use "r" instead "w" in the
second sentence.
In order to rpint information use the following command:
FILE*cdfile;
cdfile=fopen("PRN","w");
A file is closed by using the fclose() command.Next we will look at an exam ple of reading from a file.

example-13

#include "stdio.h"
main()
{
FILE*fp;
int letter;
if((fp=fopen("MYFILE","r"))==NULL)
{
puts("Cannot oepn the file");
exit();
}
while((letter=fgetc(fp)) !=eof)
printf("%c",letter);
fclose(fp);
}

The eof statement means end of file and this is included in the stdio.h header file which was declared at the start of the example. The stdio.h header file is one of many that comes with your compiler. So check your compiler specifics for other header files which will help perform other functions.
Now that you went through this tutorial you should be in a position to write simple programs and save it to a disk so you can give it your friends or even your boss. In no way the depth of c can be done in 5 hours but the nut and bolts can be learned that fast. Where you go from there depends upon your ambitions and hard work.